Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)

Section A

Directions:
In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D),　and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the　Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

Example:
　　　　 You will hear:
　　　　 You will read:

　　　　　　　　　　　 A) 2 hours.
　　　　　　　　　　　 B) 3 hours.
　　　　　　　　　　　 C) 4 hours.
　　　　　　　　　　　 D) 5 hours.

　　　　From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D)""5 hours""is the correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]

　
　　　
　　1. A) The man attended the concert, but didn t like it.
　　　 B) The man was sorry to miss the football game.
　　　 C) The man is more interested in football than in classical music.
　　　 D) The man was sorry that he didn t attend the concert.

　　2. A) Singing loudly.
　　　 B) Listening to music.
　　　 C) Studying.
　　　 D) Talking on the phone.

　　3. A) She can t receive any calls.
　　　 B) She can t make any calls.
　　　 C) It doesn t work at all.
　　　 D) It s beyond repair.

　　 4. A) Tom is very responsible. C) What Tom said is true.
　　　　B) Tom s words aren t reliable. D) Tom is not humorous at all.

　　5. A) How to use a camera. C) How to use a keyboard.
　　　 B) How to use a washer. D) How to use a tape recorder.

　　6. A) They should put the meeting to an end.
　　　 B) They should hold another meeting to discuss the matter.
　　　 C) She would like to discuss another item.
　　　 D) She wants to discuss the issue again later.

　　7. A) He believes the Browns have done a sensible thing.
　　　 B) He doesn t think the Browns should move to another place.
　　　 C) He doesn t think the Browns investment is a wise move.
　　　 D) He believes it is better for the Browns to invest later.

　　 8. A) He may convert it and use it as a restaurant.
　　　　B) He may pull it down and build a new restaurant.
　　　　C) He may rent it out for use as a restaurant.
　　　　D) He may sell it to the owner of a restaurant.

　　 9. A) She doesn t like the way the professor lectures.
　　　　B) She s having a hard time following the professor s lectures.
　　　　C) She is not interested in the course.
　　　　D) She s having difficulty with the heavy reading assignments.

　　10. A) He never keeps his promises. C) He has changed his mind.
　　　　B) He is crazy about parties. D) He is not sociable.

Section B Compound Dictation
注意： 听力理解的 B 节 ( Section B ) 为复合式听写 ( Compound Dictation ) ，题目在试卷二上。现在请取出试卷二。

Part II

Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)

Directions:
There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding　letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:

　　We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist (免疫学家) Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats inthe two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.
　　Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don t develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.
　　One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned (使形成条件反射) mice to avoid saccharin（糖精）by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader re-exposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.
　　
　　11. Laudenslager s experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off the electricity .　　 A) was strengthened C) was altered
　　 B) was not affected D) was weakened

　　12. According to the passage, the experience of helplessness causes rats to .
　　 A) try to control unpleasant stimuli B) turn off the electricity
　　 C) behave passively in controllable situations D) become abnormally suspicious

　　13. The reason why the mice in Ader s experiment avoided saccharin was that .
　　 A) they disliked its taste B) it affected their immune systems
　　 C) it led to stomach pains D) they associated it with stomachaches

　　14. The passage tells us that the most probable reason for the death of the mice in Ader s experiment was that .
　　 A) they had been weakened psychologically by the saccharin
　　 B) the sweetener was poisonous to them
　　 C) their immune systems had been altered by the mind
　　 D) they had taken too much sweetener during earlier conditioning

　　15. It can be concluded from the passage that the immune systems of animals .
　　 A) can be weakened by conditioning B) can be suppressed by drug injections
　　 C) can be affected by frequent doses of saccharin D) can be altered by electric shocks

Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:
　　
　　 The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing (把…固定) legal responsibility on those who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon (放任). Attempts to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and friendly persuasion have been met by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long delays - not only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it.
　　It seems that only when government decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrifices is there any initiative for change. Where is industry s and our recognition that protecting mankind s great treasure is the single most important responsibility? If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now.
　　We are being asked, and, in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health to make the difference. Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral change. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I submit, who must lead the charge.
　　We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-visioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective to make the objective decisions. We must express our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion.
　　 I believe we have a three-part mission for the present. First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must investigate and understand the link between environment and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on bandages.
　　
　　16. We can infer from the first two paragraphs that the industrialists disregard environmental protection chiefly because .
　　 A) they are unaware of the consequences of what they are doing
　　 B) they are reluctant to sacrifice their own economic interests
　　 C) time has not yet come for them to put due emphasis on it
　　 D) it

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