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容易混淆的形容词和副词
作者:外语沙龙  文章来源:外语学习网  点击数  更新时间:2006-08-01 12:36:03  文章录入:admin  责任编辑:admin

  形容词用来修饰名词;副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。可是,有时形容词和副词容易混淆。例如“A fast train reached the destination fast”中的第一个“fast”是形容词,第二个就是副词。此外,有些词既能是形容词,也能是副词,有些词义不变,另些词义不同;有些形容词加上后缀“-ly”构成的副词和原来的形容词意思相近,但有一些意义则相差甚远;更有些形容词,除自己本身能兼而充当副词之外,又可以再加上后缀“-ly”构成派生副词,若不小心,容易引起混淆。

  下面分别举例说明:

  ⑴可作形容词又可作副词,词义不同如:

  ①a. Joelle is a pretty child.(形容词)
   b. Tom will be back pretty soon.(副词)

  ②a. The old man has been ill for some time.(形容词)
   b. Don't speak ill of others.(副词)

  ⑵既是形容词,也是副词,句子中的语法功能不同,但意义一样,如:

  ③a. What a deep ocean it is !(深的)
   b. The boy dug deep into the ground.(深)

  ④a. Look at the high mountain!(高的)
   b. Birds fly high in the sky.(高)

  ⑶形容词可以充当副词,又可以加上后缀,构成派生副词。在某些场合,两者相近,可以通用(如例⑤和⑥);在另一些场合里,两者意思有异,不可混为一谈(如例⑦和⑧):

  ⑤a. Hold it tight, please!
   b. Hold it tightly, please!

  ⑥a. Please read slower.
   b. Please read more slowly.

  ⑦a. John came late yesterday.(迟)
   b. John has been working hard lately.(最近)

  ⑧a. Jason works hard.(努力地)
   b. Susan hardly works.(几乎不)

  ⑷有些形容词或副词,同时有多个意思,如:

  ⑨a. Hard labour(苦工)
   b. Hard times(艰难时代)

  ⑩a. The baby is fast asleep.(睡得熟)
   b. Run fast, please!( 请快跑)
   c. Hold the rope fast!(紧握绳索)

  ⑸同词根的派生形容词和形容词及分词间,意思虽甚接近,但容易引起混乱,如:

  11a. The child is sleepy.(昏昏欲睡)
   b. The child is still asleep.(还在睡眠中)
   c. Why are you looking at the sleeping child?(睡着的)

  12a. Diana feels lonely/ lonesome in the big house.(感到寂寞)
   b. Mary was alone in the office last night.(独自)

  13a. Irene was awake the whole night last night.(整夜未眠)
   b. Tom had a wakeful night last night.(整夜未眠)
   c. What did you do during your waking hours last night?(醒着的时刻)

   (a)和(b)意思相近,但(a)的 awake 只能作补足语;(b)的 wakeful 则没有这个局限。(c)里的 waking 现在分词和(a)及(b)的两个形容词也似同非同,不易随意取代。

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