●问:有这样一道题: He told me that he wouldn't go to the party ____ invited. (A. unless was B. Until C. without D. if not) 我无法确定哪一个是正确答-案,我觉的应选if not,而without显然是不对的。烦请解答。
☆答:我也觉得选 if not是对的,without无论作介词或副词,在这里都不大可能出现;如用without ,后面应是 without 之类。 unless和if not在多数情况下是通用的,条件是用它引导一个与主句所述相反的陈述。 例如:Unless you take more care, you 'll have an accident.(=if you don't take more care.) I want you to keep working unless I tell you to shop.(=if I don't tell you to shop.) Unless you call me to say you're not coming, I'll see you at the cinema.(=if you don't call me to say you're not coming.) 但是在“虚拟语气”的条件句里,unless 不能代替if not 。
例如: John would be our best play _if he weren't so lazy.(不能用unless 代替) 在if相当于 whether 时(在间接问句中),不能用unless代替if。例如:
She promised to let me know if she wasn't coming.(不能用 unless代替) 在心里存在否定时,不用unless 代替 if not。例如: What shall we do if they don't answer our letter?(不能用unless ) 至于until ,着重的是时间,不象 unless那样着重条件。如果此处用 until,我未曾见过 until后直接用过去分词的例子。用 unless instructed 似乎能成立。Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English(1987)有例句:Don't leave the building unless instructed to do so. 但是不能填unless was ,我想不起有 unless was invited这样的结构。 |