全国硕士研究生入学考试英语模拟试题 Test One

Section Ⅰ Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark ［A］, ［B］, ［C］ or ［D］ on Answer Sheet 1. (10 points)

Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an 1 should be made even before choice of a curriculum in high school.

Actually, 2 , most people make several job choices during their working lives, 3 because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve their position. The “one perfect job” does not exist. Young people should 4 enter into a broad flexible training program that will fit them for a 5 of work rather than for a single job.

Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans 6 benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing 7 about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss 8 . Some drift from job to job. Others 9 to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.

One common mistake is choosing an occupation for its real or 10 prestige. Too many high瞫chool students or their parents for them choose the professional field, 11 both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal 12 . The prestige that people tend to 13 to a profession or a white-collar job is no good reason for choosing it as life’s work.

14 , these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large 15 of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the majority of young people should give serious 16 to these fields.

Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants 17 life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual 18 . Some want security; others are willing to take 19 for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its 20 .

1. ［A］ identification ［B］ entertainment ［C］ accommodation ［D］ occupation

2. ［A］ however ［B］ therefore ［C］ though ［D］ thereby

3. ［A］ entirely ［B］ mainly ［C］ partly ［D］ his

4. ［A］ since ［B］ therefore ［C］ furthermore ［D］ forever

5. ［A］ place ［B］ chance ［C］field ［D］ opening

6. ［A］ to ［B］ for ［C］ without ［D］ with

7. ［A］ little ［B］ few ［C］ much ［D］ a lot

8. ［A］ chance ［B］ basis ［C］ purpose ［D］ opportunity

9. ［A］ apply ［B］ appeal ［C］ stick ［D］ turn

10. ［A］ imagined ［B］ substantial ［C］ acquired ［D］ demanded

11. ［A］ concerning ［B］ following ［C］ considering ［D］ disregarding

12. ［A］ preferences ［B］ requirements ［C］ tendencies ［D］ ambitions

13. ［A］ contribute ［B］ attach ［C］ attribute ［D］ allot

14. ［A］ Therefore ［B］ However ［C］ Nevertheless ［D］ Moreover

15. ［A］ proportion ［B］ part ［C］ quanitity ［D］ batch

16. ［A］ proposal ［B］ suggestion ［C］ consideration ［D］ appraisal

17. ［A］ towards ［B］ against ［C］ out of ［D］ without

18. ［A］ knowledge ［B］ satisfaction ［C］ culture ［D］ sensitivity

19. ［A］ turns ［B］ parts ［C］ choices ［D］ risks

20. ［A］ awards ［B］ requirements ［C］ results ［D］ needs

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing ［A］, ［B］, ［C］ or ［D］. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1. (40 points)

Text 1

It is said that people buy contemporary art when they are confident about the future and old art when they are not. Conventional wisdom has it that older art holds its value, while contemporary stuff is for risk-lovers. William Goetzmann, a professor at Yale, estimates that during the last art-market depression, which set in after 1990, impressionist and contemporary works fell by most (51% and 40% respectively), while Old Masters suffered least (down by 16%). Yet despite the ups and downs, contemporary works have been rewarding for those who are prepared to hang on: according to Jianping Mei and Michael Moses, professors at New York University (NYU) since 1970 the returns on contemporary art have far exceeded those on Old Masters and 19th-century paintings.

Since the late 1980s, more sophisticated analysis of the art market and a growing interest in alternative investments have spurred the creation of several new investment funds focused on art. At a recent conference organised by one of these, the Fine Art Fund, Rachel Campbell of Maastricht University pointed out the low correlation between returns on art and on those other investments. Given that it usually pays to diversify, that is a good argument for investing in art, whatever your taste. The Fine Art Fund, which began buying this April (and has 36% of its money in cash), advises that investors spread their art allocation fairly evenly between Impressionists, Old Masters, modern art and contemporary works.

Contemporary art, in particular, has served rich investors well in the past few years. Prices stayed stable when stock markets fell. Nevertheless, one recent academic study has found a correlation with another asset class: during the last world art boom, in the late 1980s, prices were closely tied to property values, specifically Japanese land prices. After 1990, art and property fell together. Now property prices in several countries are once again at frightening heights.

Investing in art will always be a risky business. Works of art by definition belong to different categories; holding periods vary; the market is illiquid; art yields no income, producing only capital gain or loss; transaction costs are high. As for contemporary art in particular, it is a sobering thought that, according to Mr Moses, each year an average of only two artists emerge whose work increases in value over time. All this speaks against a big commitment to speculating in art; better, maybe, simply to buy what you like, if you can: treat your money, in other words, not as invested but as consumed.

21. By saying that the market is illiquid (Line 2, Para. 4), the author suggests that .

［A］ art works seldom lose their value in the market

［B］ investment in art does not have guaranteed return of profits

［C］ the difficulty to trade art works is obvious and evident

［D］ the art market tends to be responsive to the economic situation

22. The Fine Art Fund advise that investors need to spread their art allocation because .

［A］ Old Masters always promise a high return of profits

［B］ different art works are valued differently in the market

［C］ buying art works is always a good way of investment

［D］ people should be aware of the risks of investment in art

23. The returns on contemporary art indicate .

［A］ people have come to see the value of contemporary art

［B］ the economic prospects are positively assessed

［C］ there is a growing interest in alternative art investments

［D］ investors have learned to spread their art allocation

24. We can learn from the text that .

［A］ the two NYU professors advise people against buying Old Masters

［B］ cautious investors are advised to stay away from the art market

［C］ the real estate market is a good indicator of the art market

［D］ art investors should not speculate in the art market

25. What is the possible attitude of Mr Moses toward investing in contemporary art?

［A］ Investors in contemporary art should be more patient.

［B］ A supplicated analysis of the art market is always a must.

［C］ Contemporary art seems to promise greater returns of profits.

［D］ It is dangerous to speculate in the contemporary art market.

Text 2

They have been writers and actors, entertainers and creators. They have won Academy Awards and received critical acclaim. They have graced the covers of magazines.

In the arts and entertainment world, women have made a myriad of contributions to what we know as popular culture. Although many female celebrities may be known more for their figures than their talents, women remain more than just pretty faces. Women’s History Month promises to take a look back at the influential female lives and legacies that have shaped our society.

In this century alone, a number of famous females have made their artistic marks. In the literary world, women such as Sylvia Plath and Colette composed celebrated works, establishing themselves as creative writers to be reckoned with. Colette, a prolific French novelist, tackled weighty themes such as the woman’s struggle for independence. Her catalog of works includes celebrated novels such as Cheri and The Pure and the Impure. Plath, renowned for her suicide as much as for her writing, wrote The Bell Jar as well as a wealth of poetry.

Within the realm of fashion, influential designers such as Coco Chanel changed the face of female dressing. The Chanel name has become synonymous with high style. Coco invented the little black dress, perfected a trademark scent—Chanel No. 5—and became famous for her tweed suits and quilted handbags.

Hollywood starlets such as Katharine Hepburn transformed the film world. She was known for her portrayal of strong, spirited females in her films, clearly embodying what it means to be an independent woman. As Hepburn once said, “I never realized until lately that women were supposed to be the inferior sex. ”

The music industry has also seen its share of barrier-breaking female stars. Women such as Billie Holiday and Ella Fitzgerald endure as revered names within the jazz world. Similarly, Joan Baez took the folk music genre by storm. She was one of the most outspoken performers during the social turmoil of the 1960s, establishing herself not only as an acclaimed singer/songwriter but also as an activist for civil rights and nonviolence.

Undeniably, women have contributed to our culture in immeasurable ways. From the silver screen to the record-store shelves, the most talented stars exhibit a wealth of creativity, a fan瞱inning charisma and a unique dedication to their respective crafts—and many of them also happen to be female.

26. Who may be considered as a feminist writer according to the passage?

［A］ Sylvia Plath.［B］ Colettle.

［C］ Both Plath and Colette.［D］ Neither Plath nor Colette.

27. From the passage, we can learn that Chanel No. 5 is .

［A］ a typical style of little black dress

［B］ a perfume marketed by Chanel

［C］ a high class way of life advocated by Coco

［D］ the chanel tweed suits and quilted handbags.

28. By saying “women remain more than just pretty faces”, the author means .

［A］ some women have nothing but pretty faces

［B］ beauty for many female celebrities is necessary

［C］ some women don’t mange to be successful for beauty

［D］ each female celebrity has her own success story

29. Joan Baez is called an outspoken performer because she .

［A］ stunned the world by the message her music expressed

［B］ was expressive for her performance on the stage

［C］ had to suffer the social turmoil of the 1960s

［D］ openly voiced her opinions on the major social issues

30. Women’s contributions to pop culture are NOT caused by .

［A］ their enthusiasm they have toward what they do

［B］ the physical appeal they have to the public

［C］ their understanding of the importance of pop culture

［D］ the display of their natural talents and gifts

Text 3

Old people are always saying that the young are not what they were. The same comment is made from generation to generation and it is always true. It has never been truer than it is today. The young are better educated; they have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so dependent on their parents. They think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the ideals of their elders. Events which the older generation remembers vividly are nothing more than past history. This is as it should be. Every new generation is different from the one that preceded it. Today the difference is very marked indeed. The old always assume that they know best for the simple reason that they have been around a bit longer. They don’t like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. And this is precisely what the young are doing. They are questioning the assumptions of their elders and disturbing their sense of feeling contended. They doubt that the older generation has created the best of all possible worlds.

What they reject more than anything is conformity. Office hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery. Wouldn’t people work best if they were given complete freedom and responsibility? And what about clothing? Who said that all the men in the world should wear dull gray suits and convict haircuts? If we turn our minds to more serious matters, who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Why have the older generation so often used violence to solve their problems? Why are they so unhappy and guilt-ridden in their personal lives; so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more material possessions? Can anything be right with the rat-race? Haven’t the old lost touch with all that is important in life?

These are not questions the older generation can shrug off lightly. Their record over the past forty years or so hasn’t been exactly spotless. Traditionally, the young have turned to the older for guidance. Today, the situation might be reversed. The old—if they are prepared to admit it—could learn a thing or two from their children. One of the biggest lessons they could learn is that enjoyment is not sinful. Enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all aspects of life. It is surely not wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy your leisure; to shed restricting inhibitions. It is surely not wrong to live in the present rather than in the past or future. The world is full of uncertainty and tension. This is their glorious heritage. Can we be surprised that they should so often question the sanity of the generation that passed it down?

31. Which of the following features in the young is NOT mentioned?

［A］ Better educated［B］ More money and freedom.

［C］ Greater independence. ［D］ Respect for work.

32. What do the young have an attitude for?

［A］ The differences between the old and young.

［B］ The assumption of the old generation.

［C］ The emphasis on violence as a solution to social problems.

［D］ The social conventions that they are expected to follow.

33. Why do the young stress on the present because .

［A］ the past is full of sanity that should be done with

［B］ the present is more secure than the past

［C］ the present world is substantial and sustaining

［D］ the present is made up of a glorious heritage

34. What can the old learn from the young generation?

［A］ Enjoyment is not despicable for what it is

［B］ People should have more time for leisure.

［C］ It is a blessing that people can learn to enjoy life

［D］ One should break free of the restrictions that life imposes

35. How do the young think about office hours?

［A］ They are more painful than enforced slavery

［B］ They are happier than enforced slavery

［C］ They are almost as painful as enforced slavery

［D］ They are the most painful enforced slavery

Text 4

Researchers are finding that boys and girls really are from two different planets. Experts say boys and girls have different “crisis points”, stages in their emotional and social development where things can go very wrong. Until recently, girls got all the attention. But boys are much more likely than girls to have discipline problems at school and to be diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). Boys far outnumber girls in special-education classes. They’re also more likely to commit violent crimes and end up in jail.

Even normal boy behavior has come to be considered pathological（病态的）in the wake of the feminist movement. An abundance of physical energy and the urge to conquer－these are normal male characteristics, and in an earlier age they were good things, even essential to survival. “If Huck Finn or Tom Sawyer were alive today,” says Michael Gurian, author of The Wonder of Boys, “we’d say they had ADD.” He says one of the new insights we’re gaining about boys is a very old one: boys will be boys. “They are who they are,” says Gurian, “and we need to love them for who they are. Let’s not try to rewire them.”

But what exactly is the essential nature of boys? Even as infants, boys and girls behave differently. A recent study at Children’s Hospital in Boston found that boy babies are more emotionally expressive; girls are more reflective. (That means boy babies tend to cry when they’re unhappy; girl babies suck their thumbs.) This could indicate that girls are innately more able to control their emotions. Boys have higher levels of testosterone and lower levels of neurotransmitter serotonin(神经传递素), which inhabits aggression(睾丸激素) and impulsivity. That may help explain why more males than females carry through with suicide or become alcoholics.

There’s a struggle between a desire and need for warmth on the one hand and a pull toward independence on the other. Boys are going through what psychologists long ago declared an integral part of growing up: individualization and disconnection from parents, especially mothers. But now some researchers think that process is too abrupt. When boys repress normal feelings like love because of social pressure, says William Pollack, head of the Center for Men at Boston’s McLean Hospital, “they’ve lost contact with the genuine nature of whom they are and what they feel. Boys are in a silent crisis. The only time we notice it is when they pull the trigger.”

36. Which of the following is NOT true according to the first paragraph?

［A］ Boys and girls are different.

［B］ Boys need more attention than girls.

［C］ Girls almost need no help from society.

［D］ Boys are more difficult to educate than girls.

37. What can be inferred about Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn (Line 4, Para. 2)?

［A］ They were more like today’s girls than boys.

［B］ They suffered Attention Deficit Disorder but were not diagnosed.

［C］ They were energetic and conquering.

［D］ They had more problems than today’s boys.

38. The word “rewire” (Line 7, Para. 2) could best be replaced by .

［A］ restore to a former condition ［B］ recognize the worth of

［C］ change the nature of ［D］ address the problems of

39. Which aspect of the boy瞘irl differences does Para. 3 discuss?

［A］ Physiological. ［B］ Psychological. ［C］ Cultural. ［D］ Intellectual.

40. It is implied in the passage that .

［A］ society approves of boys who have tender feelings

［B］ society expects boys to be independent

［C］ boys take more time to grow up than girls

［D］ boys and girls can never receive similar treatment

Part B

Directions:

In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1.

William Lanouette’s biography of Leo Szilard, Genius in the Shadows, does more than reveal the life of a brilliant physicist and social activist; it sheds a perceptive light on the role of scientists in public policy. World War II is usually recognized as the coming of age of science in U.S. politics. Albert Einstein had become the world’s first science celebrity and a person to whom presidents felt obliged to listen. (41) Bush laid the foundation for a postwar science policy that would put government in the dominant role in funding basic research.

What is instructive about Szilard’s life, however, is not the political influence of scientists as a group. (42) He believed that scientists should have more influence in policymaking in general—not because of their knowledge but because of their ability to think rationally. This faith in reason was a weakness in Szilard’s political thinking, however, because it prevented him from understanding the emotional forces that must also be taken into account.

(43) And although he often used the reputation of his friend Einstein to gain access to decision makers, he believed firmly that it was the power of his ideas that deserved attention. He felt the same way about science. Even as an unemployed and relatively unknown physicist, he expected the giants in the field to respect his ideas if they made sense.

(44) He didn’t assume that he should be listened to just because he was a brilliant physicist, and he accepted that even the most enlightened thinking had to be promoted vigorously to be influential. Of course, it didn’t hurt that he was way ahead of his time in recognizing the threat posed by Hitler, the importance of nuclear weapons, and the problems with nuclear weapons that would arise after the war.

(45) First, the most important policies are those that address issues bigger than science itself. Szilard studied and cared deeply about the larger issues of governance, not just the role of science. Second, he understood that his scientific training did not entitle him to influence and that the quality of his thinking did not mean that the world’s leaders would come knocking at his door. He knew that to make a difference in the world it is necessary to think broadly; to win support through compelling analysis, not reputation; and to work tirelessly to promote one’s ideas.

［A］ What Szilard did was to approach public policy with the same vigor, determination, and persistence with which good scientists approach science. What works in advancing science can also work in improving policy.

［B］ The key to Szilard’s effectiveness and influence was his sense of responsibility for making the world a better place. Once he decided that something should be done, he devoted enormous energy, resourcefulness, and audacity to advancing his proposal.

［C］ But Szilard was not expecting to be influential in policy debates just because he was a scientist. An avid newspaper reader, he was extremely well informed about public affairs.

［D］ The Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb was an unprecedented federal investment in research, and questions about how to use the insights of nuclear physics for military and civilian purposes brought scientists into direct conversation with the nation’s leaders.

［E］ Not everything that Szilard advocated was wise; reason sometimes overwhelmed common sense. Still, his life illustrates important lessons for scientists who want to influence public policy.

［F］ Indeed, it was the scientific hyper-rationality of someone like Szilard that Roald Hoffman had in mind when he questioned why scientists shouldn’t run the world.

［G］ Szilard’s efforts to convince the government to develop nuclear weapons and his subsequent campaigns to establish civilian and international control of the power of the atom are an inspiring example of how a determined individual can play a major role in public policy.

Part C

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on Answer Sheet 2. (10 points)

The universities are schools of education, and schools of research. (46) But the primary reason for their existence is not to be found either in the mere knowledge conveyed to the students or in the mere opportunities for research afforded to the members of the faculty.

Both these functions could be performed at a cheaper rate, apart from these very expensive institutions. Books are cheap, and the system of apprenticeship is well understood. (47) So far as the mere imparting of information is concerned, no university has had any justification for existence since the popularisation of printing in the fifteenth century. Yet the chief impetus to the foundation of universities came after that date, and in more recent times has even increased.

(48) The justification for a university is that it preserves the connection between knowledge and the zest of life, by uniting the young and the old in the imaginative consideration of learning. The university imparts information, but it imparts it imaginatively. At least, this is the function which it should perform for society. A university which fails in this respect has no reason for existence.

This atmosphere of excitement, arising from imaginative consideration, transforms knowledge. A fact is no longer a bare fact: it is invested with all its possibilities. It is no longer a burden on the memory: it is energising as the poet of our dreams, and as the architect of our purposes.

Imagination is not to be divorced from the facts: it is a way of illuminating the facts. (49) It works by drawing the general principles which apply to the facts, as they exist, and then by an intellectual survey of alternative possibilities which are consistent with those principles. It enables men to construct an intellectual vision of a new world, and it preserves the zest of life by the suggestion of satisfying purposes.

Youth is imaginative, and if the imagination be strengthened by discipline this energy of imagination can in great measure be preserved through life. The tragedy of the world is that those who are imaginative have but slight experience, and those who are experienced have feeble imaginations. Fools act on imagination without knowledge; pedants act on knowledge without imagination. The task of a university is to weld together imagination and experience.

The initial discipline of imagination in its period of youthful vigour requires that there be no responsibility for immediate action. (50) The habit of unbiased thought, whereby the ideal variety of exemplification is discerned in its derivation from general principles, cannot be acquired when there is the daily task of preserving a concrete organisation. You must be free to think rightly and wrongly, and free to appreciate the variousness of the universe undisturbed by its perils.

Section Ⅲ Writing

Part A

51.Directions:

Six months from now, you will be graduating from the university. For the time being, you are looking for a chance of internship at the Evening Post of the city.

1) State your wish to work as an intern with the newspaper;

2) Explain what kind of job that you’re looking for;

3) And State your reasons why you can do the job well.

Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on Answer Sheet 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)

Part B

52.Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.

You should write neatly on Answer Sheet 2. (20 points)

Test One 答案速查

Section One DACBC CABCA DBCDA CCBDA

Section Two CBBCD BBCDC DDCAC CCCAB DGCBE

答案精析

Section Ⅰ Use of English

1. ［答案］ D名词辨析。此句的意思是“在高中选课前就应选择好职业。”A）identification 意为“识别，鉴定”；B）entertainment意为“款待, 娱乐”；C）accommodation 意为“住处, 膳宿”：D）occupation意为“职业”。故D正确。

2. ［答案］ A连词辨析。空格后的句子意思是“实际上大多数人在职业生涯中要换几次工作，……”该句和上一句之间显然是转折关系。故A正确。

3. ［答案］ C副词辨析。这是由and 连接的并列句，既然and 后面跟着partly，那前面肯定也是 partly。故C正确。此句的意思是“……部分是因为经济和产业的变化，部分是因为想提高他们的地位。”

4. ［答案］ B连词辨析。前一句意思是“理想的工作是不存在的。”后一句意思是“年轻人应该参加广泛的职业训练活动……。”这两句显然是因果关系。故B正确。

5. ［答案］ C名词辨别。从上下文来看，空格所填的单词与work连用应该涵盖a single job，因此应该选择field。a field of work表示“工作的领域”。正确答案为C。

6. ［答案］ C介词辨析。从空格后benefit of help from...（受益于……的帮助）和此句句首的副词unfortunately（不幸的是）可知要选的词要有否定意义。故C正确。

7. ［答案］ A副词辨析。此句的意思是“对职业世界知道很少……”。故A正确。

8. ［答案］ B名词辨析。此句的意思是“他们是毫无目的地寻找他们一生的工作”。on...basis, 或on the basis of...意思是“基于……”。故B正确。

9. ［答案］ C动词辨析。由前一句的some 和此句的others 可知两句是对应的关系，由此可知这两句的谓语动词也应是对应的。动词drift“漂浮；漂荡” 对应的词应该是stick “固守, 坚持”。故C正确。A）apply意为“申请, 应用”；B)appeal意为“求助；吸引”D) turn意为“转动”。

10. ［答案］ A形容词辨析。注意句中的or，这个连词通常表示一种选择，即两者必选其一。既然or前面的单词是real，那么or所接的单词应该表示与real相反的意思。因此，正确的答案是A）imagined想象的，不真实的。

11. ［答案］ D动词辨析。四个选项是现在分词，实际上就是动词的辨析。A）concern意为“涉及, 关系到”；B）follow意为“跟随, 接着”；C）consider意为“考虑, 认为”；D）disregard意为“忽视，不顾”。故D正确。

12. ［答案］ B名词辨析。A）preference意为“偏爱, 优先选择”；B）requirement意为“要求, 必要条件”；C）tendency意为“趋向, 倾向”；D）ambition意为“雄心，野心”。根据句意，应该选B。

13. ［答案］ C动词辨析。A）contribute意为“贡献”；B）attach表示“隶属”；C）attribute意为“归结”；D）allot意为“分配”。正确的选项是C。

14. ［答案］ D副词辨析。空格后的句子的意思是“这些工作的工资也不总是很高”，显然这是继前面进一步说明职业性工作不一定就是最好的选择。故D正确。Moreover意为“而且, 此外”。

15. ［答案］ A名词辨析。A) proportion意为“部分”，作量词时一般修饰可数名词；B) part作量词意为“部分”，但是后面一般跟不可数名词；C) quantity意为“数量”，后面也通常接不可数名词；D)batch意为“（一）批”，一般作货物的量词。故A正确。

16. ［答案］ C名词辨析。该句的意思为：“大多数年轻人应该认真考虑这些领域。” A) proposal意为“提议, 建议”；B) suggestion意为“建议”；C) consideration意为“体谅, 考虑”；D) appraisal意为“评价, 估价，鉴定”。根据句意应选C。

17. ［答案］ C介词搭配。该句的意思是“一个人应该对生活的期望有个大致的想法”。out of意思是“从……中”。what he wants out of life意为“想从生活中得到什么”。故C正确。

18. ［答案］ B名词辨别。选项中的名词都能与intellectual连用，但是只有satisfaction最合适。

19. ［答案］ D名词辨析。A） turn意为“转动,轮流”； B）part意为“部分, 零件, 角色”；C）choice意为“选择”；D）risk意为“冒险, 风险”。由前一句的some 和本句的others 可知两句在意义上是对应的，既然前面是security“安全”，后面当然就是 risk。

20. ［答案］ A名词辨析。该句的意思为：“每一份工作既有索取也有回报。” A）awards意为“奖励，回报”；B）requirements意为“要求”；C）results表示“结果”；D）needs表示“需求”。故A正确。

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text 1

文章概要：一般人们如对未来抱有信心就会购买当代艺术品，若没有才会收藏古典艺术品。作者指出艺术品投资应多样化，并强调艺术品投资风险大，尤其是当代艺术品。

21. ［答案］ C词义理解题。这句的意思是“市场是非流动的”，也就是说市场上艺术品的交换很困难。因此C正确。

22. ［答案］ B细节理解题。 在文章的第二段里the Fine Art Fund指出，在艺术品投资上多样化通常会很合算。也就是说不同的艺术品有不同的价值。故B正确。

23. ［答案］ B细节理解题。文章第一段第一句话就说：“当人们对未来有信心时，就会买当代艺术品；没信心时就会买古代艺术品。七十年代人们热衷于收藏当代艺术品肯定因为人们对经济前景持乐观态度。故B正确。

24. ［答案］ C判断题。A不符合文章原意，因为纽约大学的两位教授只说在七十年代人们对当代艺术品的热情高于对古代艺术品。B是说建议谨慎投资者远离艺术品市场。也不符合文章原意，文章只是说艺术品投资风险大，并没有建议人们不要投资艺术品。C是说房地产是艺术品市场的晴雨表。作者在第三段里指出，最近的一项研究发现艺术品的价格与财产的价值紧紧连在一起，尤其是日本的土地价格。由此可判断C为正确选项。D是说艺术品投资者不应该在艺术品市场上做投机买卖。这一点文章也没有提及。

25. ［答案］ D细节理解题。题干问Mr. Moses对投资当代艺术品所持的态度。在文章最后一段倒数第二句中，Mr. Moses说每年平均只能出现两位艺术家，其作品会随着时间而增值。也就是说投资当代艺术品风险很大。故D正确。

Text 2

文章概要：文学、电影、时尚和音乐等方面涌现了一大批杰出的女性，她们以其创造力、魅力和奉献精神为通俗文化做出了巨大的贡献。

26. ［答案］ B细节理解题。文章第三段第三句说Colette是一位多产的法国小说家，写诸如女性为独立而斗争的重大主题，由此可判断B正确。

27. ［答案］ B细节理解题。注意Channel No.5 和scent之间的破折号，可知Channel No.5就是scent。Scent不仅指“香味”，也可指香水。故B正确。

28. ［答案］ C语义理解题。这是转折关系复合句里的一个从句，前一个分句意思为“虽然许多女性名人更多的是以身材而不是以才能著名”，由此可理解下一个分句“但许多女性的成功不仅仅是漂亮的脸蛋”。故B正确。

29. ［答案］ D细节理解题。答案的依据在第六段最后一句：“在二十世纪六十年代的社会混乱期，她是最坦率直言的活动分子之一，不仅使自己成了受欢迎的歌手和作曲者，而且还成为民权和非暴力的激进主义分子。”由此可知D为正确选项。

30. ［答案］ C细节理解题。答案的依据在最后一段里。作者在这里指出，许多女性以其创造力、魅力和奉献精神为通俗文化做出了贡献。故C正确。

Text 3

文章概要：年轻人不同于年长者，他们得到更好的教育，享受更多的自由，他们独立，讨厌顺从。年长者可以从他们的子女身上学到两样东西：一是享乐无罪,二是把快乐的原则应用到生活的各个方面。

31. ［答案］ D细节理解题。题干中的“the young”出自原文第一段第四句话。文章第一段指出：年轻人得到更好的教育；他们有更多的钱花,享受更多的自由；他们的成长更迅速,不那么依赖父母；他们更多地考虑自己,不盲目认可长辈的理想。显然应选项D，“尊重工作”没有提到。

32. ［答案］ D细节理解题。问题问年轻人反感什么。作者在第二段第一句就说，年轻人最讨厌的就是顺从。接着还列举了种种年轻人质疑的社会习俗。因此D正确。

33. ［答案］ C细节理解题。作者在文章最后一段里指出：年轻人认为生活在现在而不是过去或将来肯定不是错误的,因为这个世界充满了紧张和不确定性。故C正确。

34. ［答案］ A细节理解题。作者在最后一段中间部分指出,年长者可以从他们的子女身上学到两样东西,一是享乐无罪,二是可以把快乐的原则应用到生活的各个方面。因此A正确。

35. ［答案］ C细节理解题。文章第二段讲到,工作时间对他们来说不过是强加的苦役。如果赋予人们完全的自由与责任,难道他们不会最出色地完成工作吗？换句话来说,工作时间与强加的苦役一样。故C正确。

Text 4

文章概要：本文通过介绍男女孩子在生理和行为上的差异，作者说明男孩子更难控制情感，更容易成为问题孩子，更容易走上犯罪道路。作者最后指出，男孩子在成长过程中一方面渴望和需要温暖，另一方面又急于成为独立的个体。

36. ［答案］ C作者在文章的第一段里指出：男孩子和女孩子不一样，在学校里男孩子比女孩子更可能有纪律问题，在特殊教育的班上男孩子的人数要超过女孩子，男孩子也更有可能犯暴力罪而进监狱。A、B、D三个选项内容文章都提及了，就是没说到C“女孩子几乎不需要社会的帮助”。故C正确。

37. ［答案］ C答案的依据在第二段第二句里：“充沛的精力和想征服的强烈欲望——这些都是正常的男性特征，而且在早期被看作是好事情，甚至是生存的要素。”由此可判断C正确。

38. ［答案］ C词意理解题。作者在第二段里引用了Gurian的话：“男孩子就是男孩子，我们需要爱他们就因为是他们。我们不要试图去改变他们。”由此可判断C正确。

39. ［答案］ A作者在第三段里讨论了男女孩子在婴儿期的情况，指出女孩子比男孩子更能控制情感，因为男孩子睾丸激素高，而神经传递素却低。由此可知第三段讨论的是男女孩子生理上的问题，故A正确。

40. ［答案］ B作者在最后一段一开始就指出，男孩子的成长充满着挣扎，一方面渴望和需要温暖，另一方面被拉向独立。换句话说，社会期待男孩子独立。因此B正确。

Part B

篇章导读

本文是一篇书评，作者介绍了一部关于Leo Szilard的传记，并在同时对此人进行了一番评价。作者认为Szilard是一位杰出的物理学和社会活动家，阅读这部传记可以了解一位科学家是如何影响公共政策的。作者指出，科学家要想影响公共政策，首先要认识到最重要的政策涉及的面要比科学本身大，其次仅有科学素养是不够的，科学家还应思路开阔，多作分析。

精析精解

41. ［答案］ D注意第一段第二句话中的“it sheds a perceptive light on the role of scientists in public policy.”（它使我们明白科学家在制定公共政策中的作用。）接着，作者说明第二次世界大战是科学家影响美国政治的开始。随后都是举例说明科学对美国政治的影响。空白处的上文是以爱因斯坦为例，下文是以布什为例。因此，中间应该是另一个例证。选项D是正确的选择。

42. ［答案］ G第二段的第一句显然是该段的主题句，即Szilard的一生并不说明科学家以集体的力量影响政治。因此，空白处所填的语句应该表明Szilard是怎样运用个人的力量影响政治。正确的选项显然是G了。

43. ［答案］ C第二段讲到Szilard坚信理智（reason）的力量，但是这样也使他忽视了对情感力量的理解。换句话来说，有些政治议题不完全受理智的影响，而是受到情绪的影响，但是Szilard却不大明白这一点。空白处的语句应该谈到Szilard矢志不渝，坚信自己的观点应该受到别人的关注。因此，所填的语句应该表明Szilard为什么有这样强烈的自信，这样才比较符合逻辑。

44. ［答案］ B首先我们应该确认Szilard是一位杰出的物理学家和社会活动家，这一点作者已经在文章的开头就已经加以说明。第二，从第四段的最后一句中，我们得知Szilard确实是一个卓有远见的人，他率先认识到希特勒的邪恶本质，提出了发展核武器的重要性，并且预见到了二战以后核武器会带来的问题。注意空白后的两句话，似乎是说明Szilard具有一种坚韧不拔的精神，所以他才不会认为别人应该听取他的意见，甚至一些浅显的道理也需要他大张旗鼓加以宣传。因此，空白处所填的语句应该包含段落的主题句，说明Szilard为什么会这样坚韧不拔。选项B中的第一句正好可以被看作是该段内容的概括。

45. ［答案］ E现有的语句包含两层意思，一是最重要的政策涉及的面要比科学本身大，二是仅有科学素养是不够的，科学家还应思路开阔，多作分析。结合文章的主题，可以判定最后一段空白处所填的语句应该是科学家怎样才能影响公共政策。因此，选项E是正确的。

Part C

46. 但是大学存在的主要理由既非单纯的把知识传授给学生，又非单纯为教员们提供研究的机会。

47. 如果大学只是传授知识，那么在15世纪印刷术普及之后，大学就没有任何存在的理由了。

48. 大学之所以能够存在下去，是因为大学能在富于想像力的学习过程中密切年轻与年长一代的关系，从而在追求知识的同时也保持对生活的热情。

49. 想象使人总结一般原则并应用于实践，获得与存在的事实相适合的一般原则，并让人对与原则相一致的各种可能进行理性的审视。

50. 如果平日需要维护一个具体的框架，就无法养成一个不带任何偏见的思维习惯，而根据总的原则来辨别各种例证才是一种理想的做法。

Section Ⅲ Writing

Part A

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am a student of Jingning University, majoring in journalism. I am looking for a chance for internship at your evening post, preferably to work on the sports column.

I have a huge interest in sports, especially ball games. Ever since my high school days, I’ve been following all kinds of sports activities. In fact, I am on the basketball team of my university. The reason why I chose to study journalism is that I wish to become a sports reporter. I love the job and I am sure that I can do it well.

I’ll be very grateful if I could work as an intern at your paper.

Yours Sincerely

Li Ming

Part B

Life Means Interaction with People

The two men in the drawing seem to have bumped into each other head-on. One of them has dropped down to the ground. They are staring at each other in surprise.

I can’t help wondering what they would do next. How will they solve the issue? They are obviously two strangers who happen to bump against each other. It’s an accident, one we would come across on a daily basis. However, such an accident may develop into a bitter quarrel or an ugly fight. In some extreme cases, the loss of life can be caused.

In our daily routines, remember to say you are sorry if you do somebody else wrong, and be ready to be forgiving if you are offended. When you have an issue with somebody, try to find a nice way out. As the old saying goes, “Out of blows friendship grows.” Well, I hope the two men in the drawing can settle their “collision” in a friendly way. After all, life means interaction with people, though sometimes rather unexpectedly.

全国硕士研究生入学考试英语模拟试题 Test One

Section Ⅰ Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark ［A］, ［B］, ［C］ or ［D］ on Answer Sheet 1. (10 points)

Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an 1 should be made even before choice of a curriculum in high school.

Actually, 2 , most people make several job choices during their working lives, 3 because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve their position. The “one perfect job” does not exist. Young people should 4 enter into a broad flexible training program that will fit them for a 5 of work rather than for a single job.

Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans 6 benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing 7 about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss 8 . Some drift from job to job. Others 9 to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.

One common mistake is choosing an occupation for its real or 10 prestige. Too many high瞫chool students or their parents for them choose the professional field, 11 both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal 12 . The prestige that people tend to 13 to a profession or a white-collar job is no good reason for choosing it as life’s work.

14 , these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large 15 of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the majority of young people should give serious 16 to these fields.

Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants 17 life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual 18 . Some want security; others are willing to take 19 for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its 20 .

1. ［A］ identification ［B］ entertainment ［C］ accommodation ［D］ occupation

2. ［A］ however ［B］ therefore ［C］ though ［D］ thereby

3. ［A］ entirely ［B］ mainly ［C］ partly ［D］ his

4. ［A］ since ［B］ therefore ［C］ furthermore ［D］ forever

5. ［A］ place ［B］ chance ［C］field ［D］ opening

6. ［A］ to ［B］ for ［C］ without ［D］ with

7. ［A］ little ［B］ few ［C］ much ［D］ a lot

8. ［A］ chance ［B］ basis ［C］ purpose ［D］ opportunity

9. ［A］ apply ［B］ appeal ［C］ stick ［D］ turn

10. ［A］ imagined ［B］ substantial ［C］ acquired ［D］ demanded

11. ［A］ concerning ［B］ following ［C］ considering ［D］ disregarding

12. ［A］ preferences ［B］ requirements ［C］ tendencies ［D］ ambitions

13. ［A］ contribute ［B］ attach ［C］ attribute ［D］ allot

14. ［A］ Therefore ［B］ However ［C］ Nevertheless ［D］ Moreover

15. ［A］ proportion ［B］ part ［C］ quanitity ［D］ batch

16. ［A］ proposal ［B］ suggestion ［C］ consideration ［D］ appraisal

17. ［A］ towards ［B］ against ［C］ out of ［D］ without

18. ［A］ knowledge ［B］ satisfaction ［C］ culture ［D］ sensitivity

19. ［A］ turns ［B］ parts ［C］ choices ［D］ risks

20. ［A］ awards ［B］ requirements ［C］ results ［D］ needs

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing ［A］, ［B］, ［C］ or ［D］. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1. (40 points)

Text 1

It is said that people buy contemporary art when they are confident about the future and old art when they are not. Conventional wisdom has it that older art holds its value, while contemporary stuff is for risk-lovers. William Goetzmann, a professor at Yale, estimates that during the last art-market depression, which set in after 1990, impressionist and contemporary works fell by most (51% and 40% respectively), while Old Masters suffered least (down by 16%). Yet despite the ups and downs, contemporary works have been rewarding for those who are prepared to hang on: according to Jianping Mei and Michael Moses, professors at New York University (NYU) since 1970 the returns on contemporary art have far exceeded those on Old Masters and 19th-century paintings.

Since the late 1980s, more sophisticated analysis of the art market and a growing interest in alternative investments have spurred the creation of several new investment funds focused on art. At a recent conference organised by one of these, the Fine Art Fund, Rachel Campbell of Maastricht University pointed out the low correlation between returns on art and on those other investments. Given that it usually pays to diversify, that is a good argument for investing in art, whatever your taste. The Fine Art Fund, which began buying this April (and has 36% of its money in cash), advises that investors spread their art allocation fairly evenly between Impressionists, Old Masters, modern art and contemporary works.

Contemporary art, in particular, has served rich investors well in the past few years. Prices stayed stable when stock markets fell. Nevertheless, one recent academic study has found a correlation with another asset class: during the last world art boom, in the late 1980s, prices were closely tied to property values, specifically Japanese land prices. After 1990, art and property fell together. Now property prices in several countries are once again at frightening heights.

Investing in art will always be a risky business. Works of art by definition belong to different categories; holding periods vary; the market is illiquid; art yields no income, producing only capital gain or loss; transaction costs are high. As for contemporary art in particular, it is a sobering thought that, according to Mr Moses, each year an average of only two artists emerge whose work increases in value over time. All this speaks against a big commitment to speculating in art; better, maybe, simply to buy what you like, if you can: treat your money, in other words, not as invested but as consumed.

21. By saying that the market is illiquid (Line 2, Para. 4), the author suggests that .

［A］ art works seldom lose their value in the market

［B］ investment in art does not have guaranteed return of profits

［C］ the difficulty to trade art works is obvious and evident

［D］ the art market tends to be responsive to the economic situation