46．The Aswan Dam, for example，stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left - all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.
结构分析：句子主干是The Aswan Dam, …stopped the Nile flooding…but…

有插入语。for example是个插入结构，不是句子的主要成分。but后面省略了the Aswan Dam。注意so…that…结构，是“如此……以至于”的意思。

译文：以阿斯旺大坝为例，它挡住了尼罗河的洪水，但也使埃及失去了洪水冲积的肥沃土壤，换回来的却是一个病态的大水库。现在水库积满泥沙，几乎不能用于发电了。

47．The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend.

结构分析：句子主干是The trouble is that…is due to…, and so is not…the trouble is that…是表语从句结构。后一个that引导的是修饰rebound的定语从句。

译文：问题在于，近期的增长在一定程度上，是由于商业运作周期涨落的结果。因此，还不能得出经济已经呈现复苏态势这一结论。

48．New ways of organizing the workplace all that reengineering and downsizing - are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training.

结构分析：句子主干是New ways of…workplace…are only one contribution to…, which is…, and…
两个破折号中间的成分为插入结构，可以视为括号里面的内容。Such as后面的内容是对many other factors的列举。在阅读的时候基本可以跳过不看，除非后面有细节题考查这里的内容。

译文：组织工作场所的新方法包括机构重组和缩小规模,这些只是促进某个经济实体的综合生产率提高的一项措施，还有其他许多因素可以促进生产率的提高，比如对机械设备的联合投资、采用新技术、对教育培训投资等。

49．His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied reengineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long term profitability.

结构分析：句子主干是His colleague,…, says，that… 引导的是宾语从句, chopping out costs without giving sufficient…是现在分词短语结构做状语。without后面要跟动名词giving。

译文：他的同事迈克尔•比尔说，为数众多的公司以简单机械的方式进行结构重组，降低了成本，但却未能充分考虑长期赢利。

50. Levi Strauss persuaded the court that, by selling its jeans cheaply alongside soap powder and bananas, Tesco was destroying the image and so the value of its brands--which could only lead to less innovation and, in the long run, would reduce consumer choice.

结构分析：that之后是一个宾语从句；by之后的动名词来做宾语从句的状语；宾语从句中which又引导了一个非限制性定语从句。

译文：利维.斯特劳斯公司使法庭相信特易购把利维牛仔服与皂粉，香蕉等放在一起廉价销售这一做法使其形象受损，品牌价值也因此受到了影响，这势必会使产品缺乏新意，最终减少消费者的选择。

51．Minority youths arrested on violent felony charges in California are more than twice as likely as their white counterparts to be transferred out of the juvenile-justice system and tried as adults, according to a study released last week by the Justice Policy Institute, a research center in San Francisco.

结构分析：这是一个比较长的简单句。“more than twice as likely as their white counterparts”是一种表示倍数的表达方式；“to be transferred out of the juvenile-justice system and tried as adults”不定式短语来修饰white counterparts; “according to a study released last week by the Justice Policy Institute”做状语；“a research center in San Francisco”是“the Justice Policy Institute”的同位语。

译文：旧金山的一个研究中心--刑法政策研究所,上周发表的研究结果表明，在加利福尼亚，因为犯重罪被少年法庭转出,而以成人的身份被审判逮捕的非白人少年，比白人少年的两倍还要多。

52．Gaither's death has become a rallying point for gay-rights organizations' and state legislators' pushing a bill that would extend Alabama's three-year-old hate-crimes law beyond race, color, religion and national origin to cover crimes related to sexual orientation as well.

结构分析：在for引导的介词短语中，that引导定语从句来修饰bill; related to sexual orientation as well来修饰crimes.

译文：Gaither的死成为了一种推动力，促使那些维护同性恋权利的组织以及州立法委员去推行一项议案，使阿拉巴马已通过三年的仇视罪条文，除了涉及有关种族、肤色、宗教信仰、出身之外，也应该包括有关性倾向方面的罪行。

53. Chicago officials, along with the League of Cities and 31 states that sided with them in court, might do well to look at one state where anti-gang lingering prosecutions have withstood constitutional challenges: California.
结构分析：“along with the League of Cities and 31 states”在句子中做伴随状语，其中that又引导定语从句进行修饰；主句中where又引导从句来修饰state。

译文：在加利福尼亚州，有关反帮派闲荡的起诉已经接受了来自宪法的挑战。芝加哥官员以及在法庭上支持他们的城市联盟和31个州政府，最好还是考虑这个州的做法为好。

54. Even before the tragedy, Pfingst had stood behind the controversial California law that mandates treating murder suspects as young as 14 as adults.

结构分析：Even before the tragedy是本句的时间状语；主句是Pfingst had stood behind…;that 引导的宾语从句修饰law;在从句中，as…as是一词组，意思是“和…一样”；出现的第三个as是介词，和treat搭配，意思是“作为”。

译文：在这场悲剧发生之前，Pfingst就已经开始支持加利福尼亚州的一项有争议的法规。该法规规定，以成人身份受审的谋杀嫌疑犯的年龄，最小可以为十四岁。

55.The doctors said the rules could actually erode privacy, pointing to a provision allowing managed-care plans to use personal information without consent if the purpose was "health-care operations."

结构分析：本句中pointing to 这个做伴随状语的分词短语又包含了一个介词without引出的方式状语和由if引导的条件状语从句，使得句子的结构变得较为复杂。

译文：医生认为这些法规实际上是在破坏隐私权，因为其中一条法规规定，管理式医疗保健计划（managed-care plan）在“开展医疗保健工作”时,可以不经许可使用个人信息。

56.The 1993 Family and Medical Leave Act was supposed to help families like Garro’s, offering a safety net to employees who want to take time off to nurture newborns, tend to their own major illnesses or care for sick relatives.

结构分析：本句的主干是The Act was supposed to help…。be supposed to do something 表示“应该做某事”，通常强调“义务，责任”等。Offering 至句子结尾是一个现在分词做状语，其中含有一个定语从句，定语从句中含有三个并列的动词短语做谓语，即want to…tend to…or care for…。safety net 原义是防止坠落受伤的“安全网”，在此引申为“安全保障”。

译文：1993年颁布的《家庭医疗休假法》本来应该帮助像加罗这样的家庭，为那些请假照顾新生儿、治疗重病或者照顾患病亲人的员工，提供一个安全保障。

57.A vague entity not legally required to disclose how it spent its money, the committee and its chief fund-raiser, Texas oilman (and now Commerce secretary) Don Evans, swiftly collected $8.3 million--more than twice the $3.9 million Al Gore's recount committee raised to pay its lawyers.

结构分析：本句是个包含同位语和附近说明的长句。a nebulous entity not legally required to disclose how it spent its money 是委员会的同位语，起到补充说明的作用，而破折号之后的成分也是对句子的补充说明。

译文：法律不要求这个性质模糊的机构透露其使用资金的情况。该委员会和它的主要筹资人，得克萨斯州石油商人（现商务部长）唐.伊万斯很快就筹集了830万美元来支付律师费用，这笔钱是艾尔.戈尔重新计票委员会所筹集的390万美元资金的两倍还多。

58. And there the story might have ended but for the tireless efforts of Johan Reinhard, an independent archaeologist funded by the National Geographic Society.

结构分析：句子主干the story might have ended there but for …本句中包含有虚拟语气，由but for 引导一个虚拟条件，表示“要不是…”；“might have done”表示本来可能会发生某事，对于这一类由介词或者介词词组引起的虚拟条件，学习者应该特别留心，否则就容易产生理解错误。可以引导虚拟条件的词还有without，otherwise等。

译文：要不是约翰莱茵.哈德的不懈努力，故事本来也许到此就结束了。莱茵哈德是一位由国家地理协会资助的独立考古学家。

59. What is frightening is that these discoveries make it clear how little astronomers know about planets, and they add to the dawning realization that our solar system--and by implication Planet Earth--may be a cosmic oddball.
结构分析：句子主干本句what is frightening is that …是个复杂句，包含主语从句（what frightening），表语从句（is 后面的部分），宾语从句（how little引导的部分），同位语从句（realization后面that引导的部分），插入语等，另外一些成语词组的出现也增加了句子的难度，比如dawning realization（渐渐认识到），by implication（含蓄地, 用寓意）等。

译文：真正令人震惊的是，这些发现说明天文学家对于行星的了解十分有限，并且让人们清醒地认识到我们的太阳——不言而喻，还有地球这颗行星——也许是宇宙中的异数。

60. Well, it appears that increased air pollution during those 30 years--over Asia, in particular--with the help, perhaps, of some increased cloudiness, may have exerted a cooling influence on the surface of the planet even as carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases were encouraging the atmosphere to warm.

结构分析：句子主干是it appears that…本句是一个宾语从句，其中“well”是一个语气词；宾语从句的主语是“increased air pollution”，其中“increased”是形容词；“over Asia, in particular”的作用是补充说明；“with the help, perhaps, of some increased cloudiness”是介词短语，用来补充说明主语；may have exerted a cooling influence 是宾语从句的谓语，even as的意思是“正当…的时候；恰在…的时候”，引导状语从句，用在本句中有一种对比的作用。

译文：在过去30年中，全球特别是亚洲不断加剧的大气污染，借助数量有所增加的云度可能对整个地球表面起了一种冷却作用，同时二氧化碳和其它温室气体却在促使大气变暖。 （编辑：赵露）

(李国锋，北大经济学硕士。原北京新东方学校国内考试部优秀教师，现任济南新东方学校国内考试部主管兼教学教研部主管。曾师从钟道隆教授研习逆向英语，在两个月内从四级及格水平猛增至92分，并以托福、GRE绝对高分被世界名校YALE录取。主张在备考中掌握方法、培养兴趣、提高实力、增强信心、铸造辉煌。MOTTO: Doing hard things is what makes people better.)