Part One Initial consonants and consonant clusters
　　English words begin with no, one, two, or three consonants.
A. Listen and repeat. Read across the chart. The first word has no initial consonant.
No Initial Consonant: old Initial [j]: you Initial [w]: we Initial [r]: row Initial [l]: lie [g] go
[k] key
[sk] sky
[kj] cute
[skj] skewer [gw] Gwen
[kw] quiet
[skw] square [gr] grow
[kr] cry
[skr] scratch [gl] glad
[kl] climb
[b] bee
[p] pie
[sp] spoon [bj] beauty
[pj] pure
[spj] spurious

brown
[rp] prove
[spr] spring [bl] blue
[pl] play
[spl] splash [d] do
[t] too
[st] stay *[dj] due
*[tj] tune
*[stj] stew [dw] Duane
[tw] twenty
[dr] draw
[tr] tree
[str] strong
[v] vote
[f] fine [vj] view
[fj] few
[fr] free
[fl] fly [?] thing
[s] see
[?] show
*[sj] suit
[?w] thwart
[sw] swim
[?r] [three
[?r] shrink
[sl] slow
[h] he
[m] me
[n] no [hj] huge
[mj] music
*[nj] news *[hw] white


Common words also begin with these sounds:
[z] zoo [?] they [(?] chew [(?] job [sn] snow [sm] smile [sf] sphere *Many English speakers do not pronounce the [y] or [h] in these words.
B. Some words have [j] after another consonant sound. Use a word from the [y] column of the chart to answer each question
1. What are we listening to? (We’re listening to some music.)
2. What word is the opposite of very small?
3. Why do people sometimes buy water at the store?
4. Do you want to make a lot of mistakes on a test?
5. What do you think of baby’s shoes?
6. Why do people stop their car there and look around?
C. Some words have /w/ after another consonant. Use a word from the /w/ column of the chart to answer each question .
1. What is a boy’s name in the column?
2. How old do you think he might be?
3. What color is his hair?
4. Is he a noisy person?
5. What does he do every weekend?
6. What shape is his classroom?
D. Some words have /r/ after another consonant. Use a word from the [r] column of the chart to answer each question .
1. What season is May Day in?
2. Does everyone have to buy tomatoes?
3. How much did you pay for this sample?
4. What color are her eyes?
E. Some words have ????? after another consonant. Use a word from the ??? column to answer each question.
1. What color is the sky?
2. What do all children like to do?
3. Does everyone walk fast?
F. Repeat the words. Then fill in the blanks with words from the list .
black dress sleep throat
blue drive street train
dream pretty strong travel
1. The movie King Kong was filmed in _________and white.
2. The opposite of weak is _________.
3. I never take planes. I always _________ by _________.
4. Do you know how to _________a car?
5. John has a cold and a sore _________.
6. My address is 2126 24th _________.
7. I _________eight hours every night but I never _________.
8. The young lawyer was wearing a very_________ __________________.
G. Repeat the words. Then fill in the blanks with words from the list.
squeeze splinter stranger
shrink thread scream
1. I washed my new shirt. I hope it didn’t _________.
2. Let’s have orange juice this morning. Will you _________ a few oranges,
　　 please?
3. If you’re going to sew on buttons, you’ll need a needle and _________.
4. I’ve never met that man. He’s a complete _________.
5. She was terrified, but was unable to __________.
6. My finger’s sore. I think I have a _________ in it.

H. Form noun phrases with the adjectives and nouns. Use them in sentences.
　　E.g. beautiful view
　　They have a beautiful view from their window.
blue strong beauty fly spring glad
brown green sweet bread glass square
clean huge three cloth grass string
cute proud true cross music tree
dry pure twenty cube plane view
few slow beautiful dress musician quarter
Part Two Medical consonants and consonant clusters
A. Say each consonant sound in final position and medial position.
stop/stopping write/writer time/timing
rub/rubber ride/riding sing/singer
off/offer lock/locker witch/witches
love/loving log/logger wash/washer
B. Say each pair of words. Then listen as one of the words is spoken again. Circle that word.
1. riding/writing 4. mabel/maple 7. rival/rifle
2. logger/locker 5. fuzzy/fussy 8. edging/etching
3. ringer/rigor 6. aloe/arrow 9. glazier/glacier
C. Listen to and repeat words that have [t] or [d] between vowels. Then fill in the blanks with words from the list and read the sentences aloud.
butter/button lattice/Latin woody/wooden redder/redden
kitty/kitten subtle/Sutton ladle/laden hiding/Haydn
1. He spilled ________ on his shirt.
2. The _________ on my coat is loose. I hope I don’t lose it.
3. A __________ will come to you if you say, “Here, _________ ___________”
4. He was embarrassed, and his face got __________ and ____________.
5. I can’t find Jimmy. Do you think he’s ____________?
D. Repeat the underlined words and sentences. These medial clusters have [r] and [l].
1. Ardis wasn’t at the party.
2. Archie was a sergeant in the army.
3. Martha Larson married Marvin Marshall.
4. This is the album of our Alpine trip.
5. The butler’s name was Dudley.
6. Wilga welcomed the guests warmly.
E. Answer with a full sentence. Add –ly to one of the adjectives in the list to form an adverb.
How does he sleep? (He sleeps soundly.)
How does the car run?
How did the soldiers fight?
How did the actor dress?
How did the president speak?
brave quick smooth
clear rich soft
fierce rough sound
frank sharp strange
F. Repeat the pairs of words. The medial clusters have????, ????and????.
1. symbol/simple 6. Jenner/center
2. Dempsey/Ramsey 7. mentioned /danger
3. Denzel/pencil 8. window/winter
4. drinker/finger 9. Houghton/mountain
5. Ridgemont/Richmond 10. Disney/Passner
　　Now select three pairs of words from the list above and form three statements of questions using them.
　　E.g.: Jenner was the regular center on our basketball team.
G. Read the names of these football players and former players. Then compare their ages. Use older than, younger than, or the same age as.
　E.g.: Pitman is older than Cushman.
　1. Pitman, 45 6. Goodman, 81
　2. Beckman, 26 7. Hagman, 61
　3. Hoffman, 32 8. Cushman, 39
　4. Crossman, 77 9. Wiseman, 29
　5. Fineman, 21 10. Pullman, 32
H. Repeat these sets of words. The medial clusters have stops or ??? or ???.
1. Edsel/pretzel 5. captain/napkin
2. Bugsie/taxi 6. Edgar/Rutgers
3. whispered/husband 7. Pitkin/Redken
4. risky/exit 8. Clifton/doctor/Ogden
　Now listen to the questions and answer them.
Who ate the pretzels? (Edsel did.)
Who took a taxi home?
Who did Jane whisper to?
What is risky to use?
What does the captain need?
Who’s going to Rutgers College?
Who sells Redken products?
What is the name of the doctor who practices in Ogden?
I. Read the names. Then complete the sentences, using any name from the list and adding -ful to one of the nouns in parentheses to form an adjective.
Jepson Gibson Leffson Dodgeson
Matson Hudson Wilson Carson
Jackson Gregson Johnson Simpson
1. Mr. Hudson is a careful worker. (care, skill)
2. Mrs. ________ got rid of the ________ insects. (dread, harm)
3. Mr. __________ is very ________ about his health. (doubt, thank)
4. Mrs. _________ spent a __________ night. (rest, wake)
5. Miss _________ had a ________operation. (help, pain)
6. Mr. _________ is a __________ person. (peace, truth)
Part Three Final consonants and consonant clusters
　　English words end with no, one, two, or three consonants, not counting words that have a plural or past suffix.
A. Listen and repeat. Read across the chart. The first word has no final consonant.
No final
Consonant: go, see [r]+Final Consonant [l]+Final
Consonant Nasal+Final
Consonant [k] ache
[g] egg [rk] mark
[rg] morgue [lk] milk
[?k] ink
[p] hope
[b] rob [rp] sharp
[rb] garb [lp] help
[lb] bulb [mp] camp
[t] eight
[d] add [rt] art
[rd] hard [lt] belt
[ld] gold [nt] ant
[nd] and [(?] match
[(?] edge [r(?] march
[r(?] large [l(?] welch
[l(?] bulge [n(?] inch
[n(?] change [f] if
[v] of [rf] scarf
[rv] carve [lf] shelf
[lv] solve [mf] triumph
[?] math
[th] breathe [r?] north
[l?] health
[n?] month
[s] us
[z] as [rs] horse
[rz] Mars [ls] else
[ns] dance
[nz] lens [?] wish
[?] beige [r?] marsh
[l?] Welsh
[m] an
[n] in
[?] sing [rm] arm
[m] corn
[lm] film
[ln] kiln

[l] all
[r] or [rl] Carl
Common words also end with these sounds.
[kt] act [ks] ax [sk] desk [ts] blitz
[kt] exitinct [ks] jinx [sp] wasp [rts] quartz
[pt] adapt [ps] collapse [st] fast [lts] waltz
[mpt] tempt [mps] glimpse [nst] against [ft] lift B. Some words end with ????and another consonant. Use a word from the?????column to answer each question.
1. What vegetable is often served with a meal?
2. Is Chicago in the South?
3. Jane draws very well. What should she study?
4. How did Jim hurt himself?
5. What’s Mary wearing around her neck?
6. What does the teacher do with tests?
7. Is that a star in the sky?
8. What is the baby’s name?
C. Some words end with ??????and another consonant. Use a word from the???????column to answer each question.
1. Why doesn’t this light work?
2. What did Mrs. Fay buy at the grocery store?
3. What’s that ring made of ?
4. Where’s the sugar?
5. Why don’t you smoke any more?
6. What nationality is he?
D. Some words end with?????????? or ????and another consonant. Use a word from the nasal column to answer each question.
1. What shall we do on the weekend?
2. How long is it till spring?
3. Is this a good camera?
4. How long is this line?
5. Do you have a red pen?
6. Is that a fly?
E. Form sentences using these verbs and objects.
　　E.g.: I can’t lift this box.
act dust park bank bus desk maid
ask fix send belt camp film milk
change help sort bench card gold part
drink lift want box corn horse shell