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(原文) Roosevelt was a sophisticated analyst of the balance of power. He insisted on an international role for... |
(原文)
Roosevelt was a sophisticated analyst of the balance of power. He insisted on an international role for America because its national interest demanded it, and because a global balance of power was inconceivable to him without American participation. For Wilson, the justification of America’s international role was messianic: America had an obligation, not to the balance of power, but to spread its principles throughout the world.
During the Wilson’s Administration, America emerged as a key player in world affairs, proclaiming principles which, while reflecting the truisms of American though, nevertheless marked a revolutionary departure for Old World diplomats. These principles held that peace depends on the spread of democracy, that states should be judged by the same ethical criteria as individuals, and that the national interest consists of adhering to a universal system of law.
To hardened veterans of a European diplomacy based on the balance of power, Wilson’s views about the ultimately moral foundations of foreign policy appeared strange, even hypocritical. Yet Wilsonianism has survived while history has bypassed the reservations of his contemporaries. Wilson was the originator of the vision of a universal world organization, the League of Nations, which would keep the peace through collective security rather than alliance. Though Wilson could not convince his own country of its merit, the idea lived on. It is above all to the drumbeat of Wilsonian idealism that American foreign policy has marched since his watershed presidency, and continues to march to this day.
（参考译文）
罗斯福对均势的分析可谓老谋深算。他坚定不移地认为，美国应扮演某种国际角色，因为美国的国家利益需要这一国际角色，并且因为对他来说，没有美国参与的全球均势将是无法想象的。对于威尔逊总统来说，美国扮演国际角色的理由更多地带有救世主的色彩：美国不仅仅对均势负有义务，而且也有义务将其自身的原则传播到全球每个角落。
威尔逊总统执政其间，美国一跃而成为国际事务中的一个主要角色，到处宣扬其自身的原则。这些原则虽然折射出了美国思想中那些老生常谈的内容，但对于旧世界的外交家而言，仍标志着一种革命性的更弦易辙。美国的这些原则坚持认为，世界和平取决于民主的传播，人们在对国家进行评判时应采用与评判个人相同的道德准则，并且，国家利益在于坚持一套放之四海而皆准的法律体系。
对于那些以均势为依据的强硬的欧洲外交老手而言，威尔逊总统所提出的有关外交政策终极道德基础的论点似乎显得有点怪异，甚至虚伪。然而，威尔逊主义在历史上经久不衰，而他同代人对其论点所怀有的保留意见则早已烟消云散。威尔逊总统是"国际联盟"这一全球性世界组织的构想的始作俑者，这一组织旨在通过集体安全而非结盟的方式维护世界和平。虽然威尔逊总统没能说服他的国家相信这一组织的价值，但他的理念却得以沿续下来。毕竟而言，正是自从威尔逊具有分水岭意义的总统任期以来，美国的外交政策才得以伴随着威尔逊总统理想主义的阵阵鼓点不断迈进，且时至今日依然奋进不辍。
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