托福听力技巧指南之三:场景联想法
为了让你对托福听力考试技巧有一个生动的形象化的认识,以下我们通过场景方法向你展示一个奇妙的答题方法。
场景法指的是考生通过对话揭示的场景关键词,判断磁带上的对话或演讲发生的实际生活场景,再根据这一生活场景答题。场景法可行的原因在于托福考试的目的。我们前面已经说过,托福测试的是外国学生在美国学习和生活要用到的基本语言能力,所以托福听力在内容上永远离不了学习和生活这一主题。学生生活的圈子不大,典型的仍然像中国的5点式,即宿舍-教室-食堂-图书馆-购物。而托福听力已经考了几十年了,学校里的几乎每一个角落上都被考过了。只要考生能熟悉学校里的各个场所经常发生的学生生活场景,仅凭几个词就可以知道整个对话或演讲的大体内容,从而得出(甚至猜出)正确答案。
在场景法的后面,我们将归纳美国大学生活的各个场合及其典型的对话内容。在这里,我们的先介绍一下如何利用场景法。
1、为什么要用场景法? 很多做过托福听力题的考生都有这种感受:即有些对话里的词全都听懂而且明白单词的意思,就是选不出答案。更离谱的是,即使让你看文字答案答题,你也未必会有很高的正确率。为什么会出现这种情况呢?原因在于场景,即英语里常说的situati0n。我们平时碰到有人试图安慰心情不好的自己时,经常会说“你不是我,你不会明白的”,就是这个道理。在托福的听力中,“清”的肯定不是“旁观者”,而只有“当局者”才会最清楚对话到底说的是什么。而要成为“当局者”,你必须熟悉托福听力的大学生活背景。下面的例子列举了熟悉场景的重要性:
He g0t in and pushed the butt0n f0r the f0rth fl00r.Questi0n: What did he d0? (A) He t00k the elevat0r. (B) He sewed the butt0ns 0n. (C) He dr0pped s0mething 0n the fl00r. (D) He made him g0 upstairs.
这个单句题(现在的听力部分没有这种单句题),如果你不熟悉电梯的话,你会一头雾水,根本不知其所云何事。但是,如果你一听到就想到了电梯的话,那么这根本不是问题。所以,托福的听力中的有些题目仅凭听清楚每个单词的字面意思是不够的(很多时候甚至是不必要的),你还必须生动地想象出对话所发生的具体生活场景。
2、场景法的魅力 例如学生入学时登记注册的场景。如果你平时记住了关于register的词汇,如registrati0n,c0urse enr0llment f0rm,signed by academic advis0r,get the department"s appr0val,tables set up aIl the way ar0und,stamp y0ur f0rm,appr0ved,pay f0r tuiti0n,0fficially enr0lled,pick up identificati0n card。 那么,即使你听力能力较差,对话的具体细节没能听懂,你也能答对题。如果你不相信的话,请试着仅根据注册这一大学里发生的场景,而不根据对话的内容,做下面两道题。 1.When w0uld this talk be given? (A) At the beginning 0f a semester. (B) During the mid-semester vacati0n. (C) At final examinati0n time. (D) Just bef0re a gymnastics event.
2.swheresare the students g0ing t0m0rr0w? (A) T0 registrati0n 0ffice. (B) T0 a class reuni0n. (C) T0 their classes. (D) T0 a track meet.
第1题:该对话肯定发生在学期初。答案确实唾手可得。第2题:既然是讲注册,那肯定是去registrati0n 0ffice。此外了解对话内容及相关词句和美国的大学生活对听力考试也有帮助。
(1)对话内容及相关词句 以下是我们总结的针对对话内容的词句,记住这些词句有助于你对对话内容和场景的判断,从而正确地答案。即使你没有完全听懂对话,你也可能根据判断得出的对话场景正确地答题。
1.东西丢了:l0st the key,can"t f0und the n0te 2.剃头:hardly bald, hairstyle change f0r n0t c0vering the eyes, cut curl hair 3.搭车:pick up the third 0ne at the airline, give me a ride t0 the 0ffice 4.穿衣: a jean and T-shirt f0r interview is casual, cl0thes is wet bef0re the c0ncert 5.花需要光: put the fl0wer t0 the wind0w, the b00kcase will prevent the sunlight, need the fresh 6.忘了: slip my mind, f0rg0t t0 give the n0te t0 s0me0ne 7.图书馆: spend the wh0le day in the library, make the ph0t0c0py at library, meet at the library, return the b00ks t0 the library, library is a better place t0 study 8.室友: l00king f0r a r00mmate, r00mmate sh0uld ap0l0gize, r00mmate is t00 n0isy, 9.吃的:fish can"t be eat, berry is a bush even f0r a bird, bread is 0ver t0asted, vegetables are 0ver c00ked, bread may be in the refrigerat0r, 10.借东西: lend me calculus b00k(calculat0r), b0rr0w the m0ney fr0m check, b0rr0w car f0r sh0pping
11.天气:clean up f0r picnic, c0ld en0ugh f0r skating, sn0wing t00 much t0 fly, s0 h0t that we need an air c0nditi0ner, 12.作业能否完成:wait till the last minute, chemistry test with0ut time f0r reading, fill 0ut the financial aid f0rm with0ut the pri0rity, paper extended t0 the next week 13.第三者: have d0ne it f0r me 14.排队: magazine t0 kill the time, read the magazine twice, g0 early f0r n0t queue 15.得病看医生: need an0ther d0ct0r, it is 0pen till 10 at the health center, take the pill the d0ct0r assigned, 16.没空帮忙: can"t give y0u a ride due t0 the meeting t0m0rr0w m0rning, 17.锻炼减肥: l0st weight, tw0 blue cl0thes but 0ne with the large size 18.电影或音乐会: see the c0ncert twice make sense again, sell ticket t0 y0u s0 that y0u c0me with me, lectured by s0me pr0fess0r is w0rth watching, 19.还书: return s0 as n0t t0 pay fine, help me return the b00ks, 20.重新考虑以前的决定: rec0nsider y0ur decisi0n,
21.转让: m0vie ticket 22.加入社团: garden club, find an0ther c0mmittee member t0 replace, 23.认不出来: beard, b0ther is different, 24.住房: find an apartment under 500 d0llars, find a larger apartment, live nearer t0 the campus 25.放松: j0in a entertainment club f0r leisure, spend m0re time 0utd00rs, 26.约会: (app0intment), reschedule 0ne 0f the app0intment 27.关门了(过期了): museum cl0sed, cafeteria cl0sed, 28.照相: film run 0ut, film n0t pr0cessed, film n0t g00d 29.同去: c0me g0 with me 30.太吵: t00 n0isy, can"t c0ncentrate
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