is difficult for them to take effective measures
17. The main task now facing ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists is . A) to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and persuasion
B) to arouse public awareness of the importance of environmental protection
C) to take radical measures to control environmental pollution
D) to improve the quality of life by enforcing environmental standards
18. The word ""tunnel-visioned"" (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably means "" "".
A) narrow-minded C) short-sighted B) blind to the facts
D) able to see only one aspect
19. Which of the following, according to the author, should play the leading role in the solution of environmental problems?
A) Legislation and government intervention.
B) The industry s understanding and support.
C) The efforts of environmental health professionals.
D) The cooperation of ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists.
20. Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?
A) Efforts should be exerted on pollution prevention instead of on remedial measures.
B) More money should be spent in order to stop pollution.
C) Ordinary citizens have no access to technical information on pollution.
D) Environmental degradation will be stopped by the end of this decade.
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
British universities, groaning under the burden of a huge increase in student numbers, are warning that the tradition of a free education is at risk. The universities have threatened to impose an admission fee on students to plug a gap in revenue if the government does not act to improve their finances and scrap some public spending cutbacks.
The government responded to the universities threat by setting up the most fundamental review of higher education for a generation, under a non-party troubleshooter (调停人), Sir Ron Dearing.
One in three school-leavers enters higher education, five times the number when the last review took place thirty years ago
Everyone agrees a system that is feeling the strain after rapid expansion needs a lot more money - but there is little hope of getting it from the taxpayer and not much scope for attracting more finance from business.
Most colleges believe students should contribute to tuition costs, something that is common elsewhere in the world but would mark a revolutionary change in Britain. Universities want the government to introduce a loan scheme for tuition fees and have suspended their own threatened action for now. They await Dearing s advice, hoping it will not be too late - some are already reported to be in financial difficulty.
As the century nears its end, the whole concept of what a university should be is under the microscope. Experts ponder how much they can use computers instead of classrooms, talk of the need for lifelong learning and refer to students as ""consumers.""
The Confederation (联盟) of British Industry, the key employers organization, wants even more expansion in higher education to help fight competition on world markets from booming Asian economies. But the government has doubts about more expansion. The Times newspaper agrees, complaining that quality has suffered as student numbers soared, with close tutorial supervision giving way to ""ass production methods more typical of European universities.""
21. The chief concern of British universities is .
A) how to tackle their present financial difficulty
B) how to expand the enrollment to meet the needs of enterprises
C) how to improve their educational technology
D) how to put an end to the current tendency of quality deterioration
22. We can learn from the passage that in Britain .
A) the government pays dearly for its financial policy
B) universities are mainly funded by businesses
C) higher education is provided free of charge
D) students are ready to accept loan schemes for tuition
23. What was the percentage of high school graduates admitted to universities in Britain thirty years ago?
A) 20% or so. C) Above 30%.
B) About 15%. D) Below 10%.
24. It can be inferred from the passage that .
A) the British government will be forced to increase its spending on higher education
B) British employers demand an expansion in enrollment at the expense of quality
C) the best way out for British universities is to follow their European counterparts
D) British students will probably have to pay for their higher education in the near future
25. Which of the following is the viewpoint of the Times newspaper?
A) Expansion in enrollment is bound to affect the quality of British higher education.
B) British universities should expand their enrollment to meet the needs of industry.
C) European universities can better meet the needs of the modern world.
D) British universities should help fight competition on world markets.
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
There s a simple premise behind what Larry Myers does for a living: If you can smell it, you can find it.
Myers is the founder of Auburn University s Institute for Biological Detection Systems, the main task of which is to chase the ultimate in detection devices - an artificial nose.
For now, the subject of their research is little more than a stack of gleaming chips tucked away in a laboratory drawer. But soon, such a tool could be hanging from the belts of police, arson (纵火) investigators and food-safety inspectors.
The technology that they are working on would suggest quite reasonably that, within three to five years, we ll have some workable sensors ready to use. Such devices might find wide use in places that attract terrorists. Police could detect drugs, bodies and bombs hidden in cars, while food inspectors could easily test food and water for contamination.
The implications for revolutionary advances in public safety and the food industry are astonishing. But so, too, are the possibilities for abuse: Such machines could determine whether a woman is ovulating (排卵), without a physical exam - or even her knowledge.
One of the traditional protectors of American liberty is that it has been impossible to search everyone. That s getting not to be the case.
Artificial biosensors created at Auburn work totally differently from anything ever seen before. AromaScan, for example, is a desktop machine based on a bank of chips sensitive to specific chemicals that evaporate into the air. As air is sucked into the machine, chemicals pass over the sensor surfaces and produce changes in the electrical current flowing through them. Those current changes are logged into a computer that sorts out odors based on their electrical signatures.
Myers says they expect to load a single fingernail-size chip with thousands of odor receptors (感受器), enough to create a sensor that s nearly as sensitive as a dog s nose.
26. Which of the following is within the capacity of the artificial nose being developed? A) Performing physical examinations.
B) Locating places which attract terrorists.
C) Detecting drugs and water contamination.
D) Monitoring food processing.
27. A potential problem which might be caused by the use of an artificial nose is .
A) negligence of public safety C) a hazard to physical health
B) an abuse of personal freedom D) a threat to individual privacy
28. The word ""logged"" (Line 5, Para. 7) most probably means "" "".
A) preset C) processed
B) entered D) simulated
29. To produce artificial noses for practical use, it is essential .
A) to develop microchips with thousands of odor receptors
B) to invent chips sensitive to various chemicals
C) to design a computer program to sort out smells
D) to find chemicals that can alter the electrical current passing through
30. The author s attitude towards Larry Myers work is .
A) cautious C) suspicious
B) approving D) overenthusiastic
Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes)
Directions:
There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
31. When people are asked what kind of housing they need or want, the question a variety of answers.
A) defies C) mediates
B) magnifies D) evokes
32. If you want to set up a company, you must with the regulations laid down by the authorities.
A) comply C) confirm
B) adhere D) accord
33. Although there are occasional outbreaks of gunfire, we can report that the rebellion has in the main been .
A) canceled C) suppressed
B) destroyed D) restrained
34. Since the two countries couldn t their differences, they decided to stop their negotiations.
A) rectify C) reconcile
B) oblige D) obscure
35. The presidential candidate his position by winning several primary elections.
A) enforced C) intensified
B) enriched D) consolidated
36. The fuel of the continental missile is supposed to be by this device.
A) ignited C) fired
B) lighted D) inspired
37. Mike just discovered that his passport had three months ago.
A) abolished C) amended
B) expired D) constrained
38. Frankly speaking, your article is very good except for some mistakes in grammar.
A) obscure C) trivial
B) glaring D) rare
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